Kathopanishad – Part 1 – Canto 3 – Verse 3   «   »

Kathopanishad – Part 1 – Canto 3 – Verse 3   «   »

आत्मानँ रथितं विद्धि शरीरँ रथमेव तु ।
बुद्धिं तु सारथिं विद्धि मनः प्रग्रहमेव च ॥ ३॥
ātmānam̐ rathitaṃ viddhi śarīram̐ rathameva tu .
buddhiṃ tu sārathiṃ viddhi manaḥ pragrahameva ca .. 3..
3  Know the atman to be the master of the chariot; the body, chariot; the intellect, the charioteer; and the mind, the reins. 

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deity_Katha

Sri Shankara’s Commentary (Bhashya) translated by S. Sitarama Sastri

Here a chariot is imagined for the âtman, conditioned in Samsâra, entitled to acquire knowledge and perform Karma for attaining emancipation and for travelling in Samsâra, as a means to reach both. Know the âtman, who is the enjoyer of the fruits of Karma and is in the bondage of Samsâra, to be the lord of the chariot. Know the body to be verily the chariot, because like a chariot the body is drawn by the senses occupying the place of horses. Know also the intelligence to be the driver, furnished with the capacity for determination, because the body is mainly guided by the intelligence, as the chariot is mainly guided by the driver; for, everything done by the body is generally done by the intelligence. Know the mind with its characteristics of volition, doubt, etc., to be the reins; for, the senses, such as the ear, perform their functions when grasped by the mind as horses by the reins.

Commentary by Swami Krishnananda of the great Divine Life Society

Ātmānaṁ rathinaṁ viddhi, śarīraṁ ratham eva tu: buddhiṁ tu sāradhiṁ viddhi, manaḥ pragraham eva ca (1.3.3). Ātmānaṁ rathinaṁ viddhi: This body is compared to a chariot. The rider of the chariot is the Self, the jivatmanŚarīraṁ ratham eva tu: This body is the chariot; the rider, the Lord seated in the chariot, is the jivatman, our own Self. Buddhiṁ tu sāradhiṁ viddhi: The charioteer here is the intellect, the reason, the buddhi in us. Manaḥ pragraham eva ca: The horses pull this chariot, and the reins that control the movement of the horses are the functions of the mind.


Kathopanishad – Verse 3 – kathopanishad-1-3-3-ātmānam̐ – In Sanskrit with English Transliteration, Meaning and Commentary by Adi Shankaracharya (Sankara Bhashya) – Katha-1-3-3